Pre- Socratic

The reading was mainly some the ideas of the pre- Socratic philosophers. They asked and answered the first questions dealings with philosophy and the nature of the land. The questions that concerned the philosophers the most were Out of what heart and soul is the realness made? and Is there something permanent underlying this world of change?         A philosopher named Heraclitus from Ephesus in Asia Minor had his own ideas about these questions. Heraclitus said that tone-beginning is the matter that holds everything together. He believed that fire is everlastingly transforming, and thus its in an uninterrupted state of change. Heraclitus ideas were remote to the Milesians. He wholeeged that fire is an object or a material thing. He said its a unity, not the unity of matter of basic change, but the unison of pattern. Heraclitus apprehension that everything in nature frequently changes and nothing is ever vanished in nature. He believed that nothing is everlasting apart from change. Heraclitus assumed all things are in a state of flux. That means everything is constantly changing and nothing is long lasting. He said the world is made up of opposites. For example, he thought if we were never wistful than we would never experience happiness. Heraclitus said that without continuous opposites, the world wouldnt subsist due to one-sidedness.



He also thought that fire is not accidental but divinitys causal agency or logos. He said this reason is the cause of everything that happens in nature. Heraclitus believed that God is the fire, and so are the souls of human beings. He believed that God is in everything.

        A philosopher named Parmenides disagreed with both Heraclitus and the Milesian philosophers about the cause of change. He believed that our senses give us an erroneous portrait of the world. Parmenides thought that frankness is permanent...

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